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(六)关于医疗损害赔偿案件的举证责任分配问题 根据最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第4条的规定,因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼,由医疗机构就医疗行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系及不存在医疗过错承担举证责任,实行的是因果关系推定和过错推定,侵权责任法明确规定了医疗损害责任的归责原则是过错责任,在举证责任的分配上实行“谁主张谁举证’’的原则,即患者应当就医疗机构的过错承担举证责任,只有在《侵权责任法》第58条规定的如医务人员有违规治疗行为或者隐匿、拒绝提供与纠纷有关的医疗材料、编造、篡改、销毁病历资料等情形下,才适用过错推定的原则,实行举证责任倒置。 因编造、篡改、涂改或以其他不当方式改变病历资料内容、遗失、销毁、抢夺病历等情形导致医疗行为与损害后果之间是否在因果关系及医疗机构、医务人员是否有过错无法认定的,由改变、遗失、销毁、抢夺病历一方当事人承担不利的法律后果;病历制作方对病历资料的内容存在明显矛盾或错误不能作出合理解释的,应当承担不利的法律后果;病历仅存在错别字、未按病历书写规范书写等形式瑕疵的,不影响病历的真实性的认定。
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